Probably observed on March 1 in the old Roman calendar, New Year’s Day was fixed on January 1 by the period of the Late Republic. Some have suggested this occurred in 153 BC, when it was stipulated that the two annual consuls (after whose names the years were identified) entered into office on that day, though no consensus exists on the matter.Dates in March, coinciding with the spring equinox, or commemorating the Annunciation of Jesus, along with a variety of Christian feast dates were used throughout the Middle Ages, though calendars often continued to display the months in columns running from January to December

Among the 7th-century pagans of Flanders and the Netherlands, it was the custom to exchange gifts at the New Year, a pagan custom deplored by Saint Eligius (died 659 or 660), who warned the Flemings and Dutchmen, “[Do not] make vetulas, [little figures of the Old Woman], little deer or iotticos or set tables (for the house-elf, compare Puck) at night or exchange New Year gifts or supply superfluous drinks (anotherYule custom).” The quote is from the vita of Eligius written by his companion, Ouen.

Most countries in Western Europe officially adopted January 1 as New Year’s Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian Calendar. The Feast of the Annunciation, March 25 (9 months before December 25), was the first day of the new year in England until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. The March 25 date was called Annunciation Style; the January 1 date was called Circumcision Style, because this was the date of the Feast of the Circumcision, being the eighth day counting from December 25.

Acording to some traditional Christian beliefs January 1st, New Years Day is the eight day of Christmas of the twelve days of Christmas. Christmas and New Year’s Day are linked theologically because the western calendar used in most of the world (A.D. or C.E.) is based on the birth of Christ and the day of the celebration of Christ’s birth Christmas Day is on December 25 or just seven days before New Year’s Day. It is also only about ten days after the Winter Solstice or shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere and the Summer Solstice or longest day in the year in the southern hemisphere, thus solar cycles are also linked to New Year’s.